I.          EDUCATION

 

            B. M. Ed., Music Education, Abilene Christian College, August 1972

M.  Ed., Elementary Education, Sam Houston State University,  August 1974

Ph. D., Educational Curriculum and Instruction (Elementary Education Emphasis), Texas A & M University, May 1979

            Additional graduate work in educational administration at Southeastern Oklahoma

State University, 1983

            Additional graduate work in educational administration at Sam Houston State

University, 1985, culminating in Texas Professional Mid-Management certification in 1985

 

II.         Certifications relevant to courses I teach

 

            A.        Texas

                        1.   Provisional High School Music                    Life                  08/01/72

                        2.  Provisional Mentally Retarded                      Life                  12/01/73

                        3.  Provisional Elementary (Grades 1-8)            Life                  05/29/75

                        4.  Professional Supervisor                                Life                  12/15/77

                        5.  Provisional High School Psychology             Life                  06/11/78

                        6.  Provisional Elementary Psychology               Life                  06/11/78

                        7.  Provisional H. S. Generic Special Ed.           Life                  06/07/84

                        8.  Provisional Elementary Gen. Spec. Ed.         Life                  06/07/84

                        9.  Professional Mid-management Admin.         Life                  12/14/85

                      10.  Provisional Early Childhood Ed-Handi-        Life                  04.06/89

                                    Capped child

 

            B.         Oklahoma

                        1.  Elementary education                                   Provisional        03/01/83

                        2.  Elementary principal                                     Provisional        03/01/83

                        3.  Secondary principal                                     Provisional        03/01/83

                        4.  Music Theory elementary & secondary        Standard          03/01/83

                        5.  Elementary/Secondary instrum. Music          Standard          03/01/83

                        6.  Elementary/Secondary mentally retarded      Standard          03/01/83

           

III.       Relevant Professional memberships

            A.  Phi Delta Kappa--have been president for 8 almost contiguous years

            B.  American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education

            C.  Association for Teacher Education

            D.  Council for Exceptional Children

 

IV.       Date of initial appointment--August 16, 1986   

 

 

 

V.        PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

 

            Band director, grades 6‑12, Trinity (Texas), 1972‑74

            Special Education Vocational Adjustment Coordinator, Madisonville,  Texas, 1974‑75

Fourth grade teacher, Madisonville (Texas), 1975‑76

            Graduate assistant, Department of Educational Curriculum and Instruction, Texas

A&M University, August 1976‑January 1979. 

            Visiting Lecturer, January 1979‑May 1979.  Supervision of student  teachers,

 assistance to TAMU faculty in research, statistics,  research design, mainframe computer programming and operations.

            Coordinator of Instructional Materials and Services, International Training Division,

Texas Engineering Extension System (of the Texas A&M University System).  

            Academic Instructor, grades 7‑12, Neal Alternative School, Bryan Independent

School District, Bryan, Texas, 1980‑81.

            Assistant Professor of Elementary Education, Southeastern Oklahoma State


University, Durant, Oklahoma, May 1981‑May 1983. 

            Special Services teacher (emotionally disturbed/behavior disordered), grades 9‑12,

 McAlester Independent School District, McAlester, Oklahoma, 1983‑84. 

            Special Services teacher (emotionally disturbed), grades 7‑12,  Stephen F. Austin Jr. High School and Neal campus, 1984‑86.   One year as an acting principal.

            Assistant Professor of Secondary Education, Arkansas Tech University, 1986‑1992.

Taught courses in media, exceptionalities, research, curriculum development, tests and

measurements, and educational psychology; supervised student teachers.

            Associate Professor of Secondary Education, Arkansas Tech University,

 1992‑2004.  Taught same courses as assistant professor plus several new ones.  Advised approximately 50 students per year.  Data manager for the teacher education unit for several years.  Coordinator for the Master’s degree in Instructional Improvement since its beginning in 1998.

            Professor of Secondary Education, 2004-present.  Taught courses more particularly in secondary education; also some in at-risk and special education.  Faculty Senate, University Curriculum Committee, University Promotion and Tenure Committee, Professional Development Committee (first chair of this new committee).  Webmaster for NCATE electronic exhibits for the School.

 

VI.       SCHOLARSHIP

            A.  Books

 

1.  Womack, S.  (2002).  The History of Southern Christian Home.   Delight, Arkansas:  Gospel Light Publications. 

 

 

            B.  Chapters or Portions of Professional Books

            1.  Womack, S. (1990).  Modes of instruction.  In Teaching today in elementary school,

J. M. Palardy, ed..  Lanham, MD: University Press of America.


            2.  Womack, S.  (1996).  “Modes of instruction” of The Clearing House 62, 205‑210 is

quoted extensively and/or used as an organizing instrument of chapter 15 of Foundations of

American education 2nd ed.  by Webb, L.  D., Meth, A., & Jordan, K. F.  Englewood Cliffs,

N. J.: Prentice‑Hall.

            3.  Womack, S.  (1998).  “Modes of instruction” of The Clearing House 62, 205‑210 is

quoted extensively and/or used as an organizing instrument of chapter 11 of Adapting

instruction to accommodate students in inclusive settings (3rd ed.) by Judy Wood of  Virginia Commonwealth University.  Columbus, Ohio: New Jersey: Merrill.

4.  Womack, S.  (2002).  “Modes of instruction” of The Clearing House 62, 205‑210 is

quoted extensively and/or used as an organizing instrument of chapter 12 of Adapting

instruction to accommodate students in inclusive settings (4th ed.) by Judy Wood of  Virginia Commonwealth University.   New Jersey:  Merrill

            5.  Womack, S. & Chandler, B. J.  (1992).  "Encouraging reading for professional

Development",  Journal of Reading, 35 (5),  390‑394, is quoted in Trelease on Reading  copyright 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 by Jim Trelease and Reading Tree Productions, copyright 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005.   Retrieved February 20, 2006 at http://www.trelease-on-reading.com/whatsnu_morrie.html  under the Webcrawler heading of "At-risk students and at-risk teachers."

 

       C.  Articles in refereed journals

            1.  Womack, S., & Morris, J.  (1979).  Butterflies, bugs, and supervising teachers.  The Clearing House, 53 (4), 181‑182.

            2.  Womack, S., & Morris, J. (1980). Relationship of leadership styles of secondary

student teachers to learner achievement.  The Southern Journal of Educational Research, 14 (3), 177‑190.

            3.  Womack, S.  (1980).  Law enforcement education on an international scale.

Southwestern Law Journal, 25, (1).

            4.  Womack, S., Traweek, E., and Williams, L. (1981). An innovative approach to

 preventing delinquency through the secondary school.  Southwestern Law Journal, 26 (4), 45‑48.

            5.  Womack, S., & Morris, J.  (1981).  Expressed values of rural and urban youth. 

Washington, D. C.: ERIC Clearing House on Teacher Education.  (ERIC Document Reproduction

Service No. ED199 237)

            6.  Womack, S. (1981).  The care and feeding of visiting teachers.  Washington, D.C.:

ERIC Clearing House on Teacher Education.  (ERIC Document Reproduction Service         No. ED205 499)

            7.  Womack, S. (1981).  Differences in commitment to societal components between

three age groups.  Boulder, Colorado:   ERIC Clearing House on Social Studies/Social Science Education.  (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.  ED213 621)

            8.  Womack, S., & King, D. (1982). Some disciplinary bonuses for individualized

 reading.  The Oklahoma Reader, 17 (2), 16‑18.

            9.  Womack, S., & Cunningham, J. (1982). The case for intensified safety education in

the elementary grades.  Urbana, Illinois:  ERIC Clearing House on Elementary and Early

Childhood Education.  (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. PS012 752)

            10.  Womack, S., & King, R. (1982).  A case for citizenship education in the early years.

 Boulder, Colorado:  ERIC Clearing House on Social Studies/Social Science Education. 

(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.  ED220 357)

            11.  Brandenberger, J., & Womack, S.  (1982).  Division of labor in a special team

 teaching situation.  The Clearing House, 55 (5), 229‑230.

            12.  Womack, S. (1982).   Individualized instruction, discipline, and behavior modification

in an alternative school environment.  Washington, D.C.: ERIC Clearing House on Teacher

Education.  (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.  ED209 184)

            13.  Womack, S., King, D., & Womack, K. (1983). Increasing time on task.  The

Oklahoma Reader, 18(1), 7‑9.

            14.  Womack, S., & King, D. (1983). Strategies for teaching listening skills.  The Clearing House, 56 (7), 310‑311.

            15.  Womack, S.  (1983).  Suggestions from student teachers.  Boulder, Colorado:

ERIC/CHESS Clearing House for Social Studies / Social Science Education.  (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.  ED240 050)

            16.  Womack, S. (1983). Structure for learning/structure for discipline.  The Reading

 Teacher, 36 (9), 923.

            17.  Womack, S., & Womack, K.  (1983).  Adapted physical education for emotionally

disturbed children and learning disabled children. Boulder, Colorado: ERIC/CHESS  Clearing House on Social Studies/Social Science Education.  (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED227 067)

            18.  King, D., & Womack, S.  (1983).  Instructional stacking: More flavors than vanilla.  The

Oklahoma Reader.

            19.  King, D., McCoy‑Fox, E., & Womack, S.  (1983).  Up with spelling‑down with the

 five day week.  The Oklahoma Reader, 18 (3).

            20.  McDonald, B., Parker, J., & Womack, S.  (1983).  Improving comprehension

 through oral rereading.  The Oklahoma Reader, 18 (2).

            21.  Willis, J., & Womack, S.  (1983).  The throwaway child.  Southwestern Law Journal, 27

(4).

            22.  Willis, J., & Womack, S.  (1983).  Back to the bottle ‑a  kid's game.  Southwestern

Law Journal, 28 (2).

            23.  Willis, J., & Womack, S.  (1983).  As far right as we can go?.  Southwestern Law

Journal, 28 (2).

            24.  Womack, K., & Womack, S.  (1983).  How to integrate a token economy with

individualized instruction.  The Oklahoma Reader, 19 (1).

            25.  Womack, S.  (1983).  How to stop those kids from talking back.  The Clearing


 House, 56 (5).

            26.  King, D., Womack, K., & Womack, S.  (1984).  The four r's or the three r's?.  The

Oklahoma Reader, 19 (2).

            27.  Womack, S..  (1987).  How to maximize the use of a teacher's aide.  The Oklahoma Reader, 22 (7).

            28.  Womack, S.  (1987).  How to maximize the use of a  teacher's aide.  The Clearing

House, 60 (7).

            29.  Womack, S.  (1989).  Modes of instruction.  The Clearing House, 62 (5).

            30.  Womack, S.  (1990).  Why computer‑assisted instruction works.  The Oklahoma

 Reader, 25 (2), 7‑8.

            31.  Womack, S.  (1990).  Modes of instruction.  Arkansas Social Studies Teacher,

15 (3), 5‑15.

            32.  Womack, S.  (1990).  No extra charge.  The American School Board Journal, 177

 (7), 34, 37.

            33.  Womack, S.  (1990).  No extra charge.  CTA Action, 29 (2),  28.

            34.  Womack, S.  (1991).  Who says teachers only work from 8: 30 to 3: 30?  North

Carolina Education, 21 (3), 16‑17.

            35.  Womack, S.  (1991).  Butterflies, bugs, and supervising teachers, revisited. 

Washington, D. C.:  ERIC Clearinghouse on Teacher Education.  (ERIC Document

Reproduction Service, ED327484)

            36.  Womack, S., & Womack, K.  (1991).  Common sense vs. reality.  Washington, D. C.:

ERIC Clearinghouse on Teacher Education.  (ERIC Document Reproduction Service,

ED 338 570)

            37.  Womack, S.  (1992).  The myth of "being on grade level."   The Oklahoma Reader, 27

(2), 16‑18.

            38.  Womack, S.  (1992).  Demographics and attitudes of  Arkansas educators.  The

 Clearing House, 65 (3), 152‑155.

            39.  Womack, S. & Chandler, B. J.  (1992).  Encouraging reading for professional

development.  Journal of Reading, 35 (5),  390‑394.

            40.  Womack, S., & Chandler, B. J. (1992).   Encouraging  reading for professional

development.  Sociological Abstracts.

            41.  Womack, S., & Ferguson, P.  (1993).  The impact of subject matter and education

coursework on teaching performance.  Journal of Teacher Education, 44 (1), 55‑63.  Cited in the 2001 Teacher Preparation Research: Current knowledge, Gaps, and Recommendations ( A Research Report Prepared for the U. S. Department of Education by the Center for the Study of Teaching and Policy in collaboration with Michigan State University) on pages 6, 7, 8, 11, 14, 39, and 77.

            42.  Womack, S., Fleniken, D., & Ferguson, P. (1993).  The impact of education

coursework on teaching performance.  In D.  Fleniken &  J.  Bowman (eds.), Critical Issues in Education: An Arkansas Perspective, pp. 1‑16.  Little Rock: Arkansas Association of Colleges for Teacher  Education.

43.  Womack, S., & Womack, K.  (1994).  Those terrible SAT scores!  The Oklahoma Reader, 29 (3), 17-18.

44.  Womack, S.  (1995).  Full inclusion.  The Oklahoma Reader, 30 (3), 7-13.

            45.  Womack, S.  (1997).  What action research is:  a review of the literature.

Washington, D. C.:  ERIC Clearinghouse on Teacher Education.  (ERIC Document Reproduction Service, ED 414 255)

 

            46.  Womack, S.  (1998).  Distance learning:  a first effort for Arkansas Tech University.  Online:  Arkansas Special Education Resource Center, 11 (1),  4, 7.

            47.  Womack, S.  (1998).  My very own effective school.  The Oklahoma Reader, 33

 (2), 13‑14.

48.  Womack, S.  (2001).  SAT’s history.  The Oklahoma Reader, 36 (3), 9, 12.

49.  Womack, S.  (2002).  The relationship between resources and academic

achievement.  Eugene, Oregon:   ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Management.   (ERIC Document Reproduction Service, ED 456498).

            50.  Taylor, B., Zimmer, C., & Womack, S. (2005).  Strategies to prevent teacher stress and burnout.  ERIC Document Reproduction Service, ED490663.

            51.  Patterson, C. L., Ramsey, B., & Womack, S.  (2005).  Student beliefs on the existence of bullying at a small, rural school in North Central Arkansas.  ERIC document Reproduction Service, ED490664.

 

     D.  Refereed Presentations

 

            1.  Arkansas Association of Colleges for Teacher Education, April 1988, "Modes of  Instruction"

            2.  Canadian Eighth Congress of the Council for Exceptional Children, October 1988.  "ED Programs: Innovations Work."

            3.  Kingston, Oklahoma, Association of Teacher Educators Mid‑America Clinic,  October 1989, "The Impact of P. L. 99‑457 on Selected Texas Public

School Units: A Prediction for Arkansas Education."

            4.  Durant, Oklahoma, Oklahoma Conference on Advancement of Women in Higher Education, March 8‑9, 1990, "The Statewide Study on Labor and

Economic Factors Affecting Teachers:  Directions for the Future."

            5.  Hot Springs, Arkansas, Arkansas Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, June 12‑13, 1990, "The Hidden Education Economy In

Arkansas: The Statewide Study."

            6.  Southeastern Region Association of Teacher Educators,  Little Rock Arkansas, "Demographics and Attitudes of Arkansas Educators," November 8,

1991

            7.  Arkansas Association of Teacher Educators,Little Rock, Arkansas, "The Impact of Education Coursework on Teaching Performance", April 2, 1992

            8.  Womack, S., Calvery, R., Sheets, G., & Bell, D.  October 18, 1994, Making the difference:  an analysis of Arkansas schools.  Arkansas ATE/AACTE Fall Conference, Little Rock, Arkansas.

            9.  Womack, S., Ferguson, P., Henson, S., Roach, P., & Salmeri., E. October 18, 1994. Self‑efficacy as a measure of success in student teaching. 

Arkansas ATE/AACTE Fall Conference, Little Rock, Arkansas.

            10.  Womack, S., Morgan, G., & Sanders, P.  October 18, 1994.  Teacher education: Does  the use of regular or adjunct faculty for supervision make a

difference?  Arkansas  ATE/AACTE Fall Conference, Little Rock, Arkansas.

            11.  Womack, S., Taylor, D., & Paul, R.  October 5, 1995.   Efficiencies and characteristics of Arkansas school districts.  Association of Teacher

Educators Fall Conference, Little Rock, Arkansas.

            12.  Womack, S., Taylor, D., & Paul, R.  December 7, 1995.  A special presentation on school finance and other education issues for Lt. Governor Mike

Huckabee, Little Rock, Arkansas.

            13.  Womack, S., & Taylor, D.  February 23, 1996. A special presentation to the Office of Governor Jim Guy Tucker and also the State Department of

Education (Mr. Gene Wilhoit and others) on mental age, the normal curve of intelligence, and its relation to achievement in algebra I statewide: a policy suggestion. 

Little Rock, Arkansas.

14.  Womack, S.  A cost-benefit analysis for education in Arkansas.  Arkansas Association of Colleges for Teacher Education/Association of Teacher Educators  state conference, Little Rock, April 8 & 9, 1999.

15.  Womack, S.  AR-CEC fall conference, November 8-9, 2001.  The efficacy of a deans’ symposium in promoting inclusion.  Hot Springs, Arkansas.

16.  SRATE fall conference, November 11-16, 2001.  Using technology to facilitate student learning in teacher education courses.  Corpus Christi, Texas.

17.  Womack, S., with Lybyer, M., Roach, P. & Zimmer, C.  SRATE fall conference, October 31-November 2, 2002.  The effectiveness of positive discipline in classroom management.   Hot Springs, Arkansas.

18.  Ramsey, B. L., Womack, S., Bell, D., & Wilson, J. B.  Reading help in all subject areas.  Hot Springs, Arkansas.

19.  Womack, S.  AR-CEC Fall conference, November 14, 2002.  Using technology to teach special education coursework to college students.   Hot Springs, Arkansas.         

20.  Taylor, B, Zimmer, C., & Womack, S.  (2004).  Teacher beliefs regarding the causes of teacher stress and burnout.  ARACTE in April, 2004.

21.  Patterson, C., Ramsey, B., & Womack, S.  (2004).  Student beliefs on the existence of bullying at a small, rural school in North Central Arkansas.  ARACTE in April, 2004.

22.  Womack, S., & Zimmer, C.  (2004).  Demographics and Attitudes of Arkansas Educators, Revisited.  ARATE at Ouachita Baptist University in Arkadelphia, September 23-24.

23.  Womack, S., Sheets, G., & Bell, C. D.  (2005).  Minding your accreditation P's and Q's.  ARATE, September 23, 2005, Russellville, Arkansas.

 

     E.  Invitational Book Reviews

 

            1.  Textbook consultant for Merrill Publishing Company for Curriculum Development:  A Guide to Practice by Wiles and Bondi, fourth edition.

            2.  Textbook consultant for Merrill Publishing Company for another textbook on curriculum development, May 1991.  Textbook was not published after I

suggested it not be used.

            3.  Textbook consultant for Merrill Publishing Company for Curriculum: The Strategic Key to Schooling.

            4.  Textbook consultant for Merrill Publishing Company for Transformative Curriculum Leadership, April 1993.

            5.  Textbook consultant for Merrill Publishing Company for Curriculum Development:  A Guide to Practice by Wiles and Bondi, fifth edition.

6.  Textbook consultant for McGraw-Hill Publishing Company for Adolescence, eighth edition, by John Santrock, September 2001

 

     F.  Invited lectures, seminars, and in-service programs

 

            1.  Centerville Public Schools, August l977, "Setting Goals and Objectives"

            2.  Caldwell Public Schools, January l978,  "Programs and Procedures in Student Teacher Supervision"

            3.  Bryan Public Schools, January l978, "Programs and Procedures in Student Teacher Supervision"

             4.  Centerville Public Schools, August l978, Five Day Workshop, "Curriculum Development"


            5.   Bryan Public Schools, August l979, "Student Teacher  Supervision and Evaluation"

            6.   Brenham Public Schools, January l979, "Student Teacher Supervision and Evaluation"

            7.   Centerville Public Schools, August l979, "Reading for High School Students"

            8.   Sam Houston Area Reading Council, Huntsville, Texas, February l980, "101 Ways We Read"

            9.   Rockdale (Texas) Public Schools, April l980, "Motivation for Reading"

            10. Antlers, Oklahoma Public Schools, August l981, "Using Assertive Discipline to Lower Teacher Stress"

            11. Silo, Oklahoma Public Schools, August l981, "Identifying Gifted and Talented Students"

            12.  Kingston, Oklahoma Public Schools, August l981, "Assertive Discipline"

            13.  Bokchito, Oklahoma Public Schools, August l981, "Assertive Discipline"

            14.  Rattan, Oklahoma Public Schools, September l981, "Motivating Students K‑12"

            15.  Durant, Oklahoma Public Schools, November l981, "Educating  Emotionally Disturbed Students"

            16.  Durant (Oklahoma) P.T.A., February l982, "Innovations in Alternative School Education"

            17.  Durant, Oklahoma Public Schools, April l982, "Educational Programming for Exceptional Children"

            18.  Wright City, Oklahoma Public Schools, October l982,  "Individualizing Instruction  to Facilitate Mainstreaming"

            19.  Arkansas Tech University, August 1987,"Teaching Math to Learning Disabled Students"

            20.  Danville, Arkansas, Danville Public Schools, August 1987,  "Teaching Critical  Thinking Skills for Elementary Curricula"

            21.  Arkansas Tech University, President's Council for Leadership, October 1987, "Research and Leadership Skills in an Academic Environment"

            22.  Russellville, Arkansas, Skills Training Center, August 1988, "Schedules of Positive  Reinforcement"

            23.  Dardanelle, Arkansas, regular school board meeting, November 1989, "The Hidden Education Economy in Arkansas."

            24.  Dardanelle, Arkansas, mentor teacher's meeting, March 5, 1990, "Meeting the Needs of Mainstreamed Students."

            25.  Hot Springs, Arkansas, Arkansas Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, June 12‑13, 1990,  "The Hidden Education Economy In

Arkansas: The Statewide Study."

            26.  Russellville, Arkansas, Faculty Lecture Series at Arkansas Tech University, October 16, 1990, "The Real Arkansas Teacher."

27.  Dardanelle  Elementary School, "Making Testing More User‑ Friendly," August 22, 1991

            30.  Delta Kappa Gamma.  "Restructuring and Arkansas Act 236."  AP& L Building, April 19, 1993.

            31.  Womack, S., Taylor, D., & Paul, R.  Efficiencies and characteristics of Arkansas school districts.  Lake Dardanelle Chapter of Phi Delta Kappa,

October 12, 1995.

32.  Womack, S.  Data-driven Decision Making.  London Elementary School, November 11, 1999.

33.  Womack, S.  The efficacy of a deans’ symposium in promoting inclusionary practices in teacher education.  Deans’ Symposium (Arkansas Department of Education), September 28, 2000.

34.  Russellville  Public Schools, May 29-30, 2001.  “Using Windows 98 Effectively.” 12 one-hour sessions with over 300 elementary and secondary teachers.

 

     G.  Research grants received.

            1.  "The Impact of Implementation of P. L. 99‑457 on Selected Texas Public Units:   A Prediction for Arkansas Education." Funded through Arkansas Tech

University, March 1989,  $441.28.

            2.  "The Hidden Education Economy In Arkansas."  Funded through Arkansas Tech University, November 1990, $570.00.

            3.  "Helping Us Grow," co-author of grant for Friendship Services, Incorporated on an Arkansas  Better Chance (ABC) grant,  funded July 1991 for

$50, 062.

            4.  Wrote proposal to renew "Helping Us Grow" for 1992‑93.  Funded: $52, 500, June 1992.

            5.  Wrote proposal for eight voucher infants and toddlers for Friendship Services.  Funded August 1992:  $30, 000.

            6.  "MiChild Enrichment Center" grant renewal for infants, Friendship Services, March 18, 1993.  Funded for $36, 839.

            7.  I spent 11 hours writing a grant for Friendship for an infant‑toddler program for at‑risk children, particularly teen mothers.  Funded for $30, 000.

8.  Arkansas Better Chance grant renewal, Funded for $52, 000, March 1993.


9.  Deans’ Symposium subgrants, Arkansas Department of Education.  Funded for $3, 000 in each of the years 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005.

 

     H.  Popular and creative writing--especially newspapers.

 

            1.  Womack, S.  (1989, November 14). Hidden factors burden teachers.  The CourierDemocrat.   pp. 1 & 3.

            2.  Womack, S.  (1989, November 15).  Teachers give to economy.  The Dardanelle Post‑Dispatch.  p. 1.

            3.  Womack, S.  (1989, December 3).  The truth about teachers:  it's not what you think.  The Arkansas Democrat.  pp. 1‑3H.

            4.  Womack, S.  (1989, November 14). Hidden factors burden teachers.  The CourierDemocrat.   pp. 1 & 3.

            5.  Womack, S.  (1989, November 23).  'U' and your child.'  The Courier Democrat.  p. 4c.

            6.  Womack, S.  (1989, November 26).  Learning can happen anywhere.  The CourierDemocrat.  p. 3.

            7.  Womack, S.  (1989, December 6).  Teachers appreciate Democrat survey done.  The Cabot Star‑Herald.  p. 2.

            8.  Womack, S.  (1989, December 10).  The good parts of school reform.  The Courier Democrat.  p. 14.

            9.  Womack, S.  (1989, December 13).  What do the schools need to help the children?   The Courier Democrat.  </